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Researched by Duke University to further improve the stability of Skinceuticals C + E, ferulic acid was also found to double the photoprotection of the same formula, providing an unprecedented 8-fold increase in antioxidant protection.
C E Ferulic has been formulated at the precise pH level and concentrations proven to provide maximum delivery of active ingredients and optimal efficacy.
The patent pending formulation provides:
- 15% L-ascorbic Acid (pure Vitamin C) — neutralizes free radicals, primarily in the aqueous parts of skin; stimulates collagen synthesis; regenerates vitamin E when it is used up fighting free radicals; and provides photoprotection.
- 1% Alpha Tocopherol (pure Vitamin E) — neutralizes free radicals, primarily in the cell membrane and cell lipids; aids in the healing process; and provides photoprotection.
- 0.5% Ferulic Acid — neutralizes free radicals; greatly improves the stability of vitamins C and E; greatly enhances photoprotection.
References:
- Pinnell SR: Cutaneous photodamage, oxidative stress, and topical antioxidant protection. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2003, 48: 1-19.
- Lin, J-Y et al.: UV photoprotection by combination topical antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 48 :866-74, 2003.
- Lin J.Y., Lin, F-Y, Burch, J.A., Gupta, R., Grichnik, J.M., Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Zielinski, J., and Pinnell, S.R. Ferulic Acid Stabilizes a Topical Solution Containing Vitamins C+E and Doubles its Photoprotection for Skin , J Invest Dermatol 122 :883, 2004.
- Lin, F-Y, Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Grichnik, J.M., Zielinski, J.E., and Pinnell, S.R. A Topical Antioxidant Solution Containing Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Ferulic Acid Prevents Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Caspase-3 Induction in Skin, J Invest Dermatol 122 :883, 2004.
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