In 1900, the average lifespan was about 45 years.
For someone born today, it is about 85.
There are some differences between populations in various parts of the world and between males and females.
The biggest increase in "average life expectancy" came with the development of sewage systems.
As our average lifespan has increased, sweeping social changes have resulted.
A life plan and the individual life events for a person expecting to live to be 85 or 90 is much different than that for an individual who will most likely die before 45.
Society’s challenges are much different as we face an aging population, many of whom will maintain excellent health into their later years.
Each species has a "species-specific maximum lifespan".
The maximum lifespan is the age at which the mitochondria inside the organism’s cells shut down and stop producing energy.
Although there must be some terminal event, individuals reaching the maximum lifespan for their particular species will die.
- For humans, the maximum lifespan is 120 years.
- For chimpanzees, it is about 45.
- For rats, it is about 3 years.
- For some types of parrots, it is about 105 years.
There is some interesting work discussing why some species can live longer than others.
Interestingly, there are also species that do not really age. Examples would be the Galapagos tortoise and the rockfish.
These species don’t seem to get "older"; they simply get bigger. Of course, they are living in the wild so they have a high rate of death from predation and natural events.
Breaking through the species-specific lifespan involves genetic manipulation.
In the last few years, Michael Rose at UC Irvine has extended the maximum lifespan of fruit flies and Cynthia Kenyon at UCSF has done the same for Nematode worms.
This research has received a tremendous amount of attention because, in the past, we thought the maximum lifespan for a species could not be exceeded.
The Lifespan/Survival Curves A, B, C and D illustrates these principles.
These survival curve is for the human species.
Each species has a species-specific maximum lifespan, or the longest any member of the species can live before its mitochondria shut down, cellular energy production stops and the organism dies.
For humans, the species-specific maximum lifespan is 120 years...
