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In essence, different peptides produce different biological effects by signaling cells to perform various functions by attaching to "receptors" found on the surface of each skin cell.

Functions of peptides in skin care can include:

• stimulating collagen;
• promoting glycosaminoglycan synthesis;
• stimulating capillary formation and repair;
• enhancing natural antioxidant defense mechanisms.

You can think of peptides as keys, and your skin cell-surface receptors as locks — the wrong peptide will have no positive effect where it is not needed.

A study presented at the World Congress of Dermatology in Paris demonstrated that a high-concentration peptide formulation reduced wrinkles by up to 50% and produced faster and similar (although not better) results than retinol over a short period of time.

The potential for peptides to produce and enhance such specific, desirable and already natural processes without undesirable side effects are the main reason for their advancing use.

Peptides can now be found in a range of skin care products across various markets (medical, spa/department store, supermarket), however cheaper peptide formulas are unlikely to realise much, if any, of their intended purpose:

• peptides are the most expensive raw materials currently used in cosmeceutical skincare;
• skin care manufacturers include ineffective concentrations for the sole purpose of being able to claim the presence of peptides;
• inadequate vehicles (the base substance of a cosmetic product in which active ingredients rest) hinder absorption.

Examples of skin care products containing peptides include:

• Olay Regenerist and Strivectin SD [ingredients] (with purportedly the same peptide);
• TNS Recovery Complex (from Skinmedica);
• Jan Marini Recover-E, TGF Serum, Cream, Eye Cream and Age Intervention Serum, Cream, Eye Cream and Regeneration Booster;
• Gernetic Anti-Stries, Cells-Life, Les Parfaits Course for Post-Menopausal Skin (Concentré Reparateur, Creme Jeunesse and Anti-Temps); Cytobi, GER-Lift, Mito Special, Nuclea, Hydra-Ger, Vasco; and of particular interest the Breast Firming/Enhancement treatments Endo, Endo Special, Macro 2000 [example result #1][#2] and the broken capillary and varicose vein treatments Veinulo and Veinulo Special;
• Super Serum and Youth Complex (from IS Clinical);
• Antioxidant Lip Repair and Eye Cream for mature female skin (from Skinceuticals).

Pentapeptides are among the most elaborate biologically active molecules and are formed from five peptide fragments, composed of amino acids — the raw materials from which skin proteins are made.

Jan Marini Age Intervention Regeneration Booster is probably the most concentrated, focused and elaborate peptide-based skin care technology product currently available.

It contains Palmitoyl Pentapeptide-4 as its foremost active ingredient, in addition to Myristoyl Tetrapeptide-KA2, Myristoyl Pentapeptide-8, Myristoyl Pentapeptide-11, KGF (Keratinocyte Growth Factor) Protein, EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) Protein and TGF (Transforming Growth Factor) Beta 1.

Jan Marini Comprehensive Peptides include Regeneration Booster and are available for females over 35 and men of any age with a range of skin types from normal to oily and dry.

Review those skin care products containing palmitoyl pentapeptides.