The body uses antioxidants to neutralize oxidation of nucleic acids, proteins and lipids; but protection achieved by oral ingestion is limited (Placzek et aI., 2005).

To augment antioxidant protection, [Duke University Dermatology Specialists Murray, J.C.; Burch, J.A.; Iannacchione, M.A. and Pinnell, S.R.] have developed and reported three generations of topical antioxidant formulations, each with progressively better protection against solar-simulated radiation.

The current formulation contains physiologic antioxidants, vitamins C and E, stabilized by a potent plant antioxidant, ferulic acid; optimized for chemical stability, percutaneous absorption, and photoprotection (Lin et aI., 2005).